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Wildfire Defense Guide

Everything California homeowners need to know about fire-aware fencing and defensible space planning.

1,621 2024 structures destroyed (CAL FIRE DINS)
0-5 ft Zone 0 boundary
100% Free Resources
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The Three Zones, To Scale

A side view from the wall outward. Zone 0 is only the first 5 feet — see how small that is against the full 100 feet.

Defensible space cross-section, drawn to scale A horizontal cross-section, house at left. Measured from the exterior wall: Zone 0 spans the first 5 feet and is tinted with the tightest hatch as the ember-resistant band; Zone 1 spans 5 to 30 feet; Zone 2 spans 30 to 100 feet. A distance ruler marks 5, 30 and 100 feet. Vegetation and fuel thin as they approach the wall, and a fence line crosses the zones with the segment nearest the structure noted as non-combustible. Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2 HOUSE Non‑combustible fence near wall 0 ftWALL 5 ft 30 ft 100 ft
Zone 0 — ember-resistant Zone 1 Zone 2 Fence line
0–5 ft
Zone 0 · Ember-resistant

The 0–5 ft Zone 0 boundary in CAL FIRE defensible space guidance — where near-structure material choices matter most.

5–30 ft
Zone 1

The lean, clean and green band of the CAL FIRE defensible-space model.

30–100 ft
Zone 2

The outer reduced-fuel band of the CAL FIRE defensible-space model.

Side elevation, drawn to scale from the exterior wall (0 ft). Zone 0 is the 0–5 ft boundary stated on this page (CAL FIRE defensible-space guidance); the 5–30 ft and 30–100 ft bands follow the same CAL FIRE three-zone model. Requirements vary by jurisdiction — confirm with your authority having jurisdiction (AHJ — your local fire authority or building department).

Guides & Tools

Expert resources to help you make informed decisions about fire-resistant fencing

Essential

Compliance Guide

Zone 0 Guide

Local ember-resistant guidance is evolving. Learn how near-structure material choices can help and how to prepare.

Updated 2025 Read Guide
New

Financial Guide

Insurance & Coverage

Learn how fire hardening may affect coverage considerations. Discounts and eligibility vary by insurer and policy.

Save Money Read Guide
Reference

Technical Reference

ASTM Fire Ratings Explained

Complete guide to ASTM E84 flame spread index, E136 non-combustibility, and what Class A, B, and C ratings mean for local requirements.

4 Categories Learn More

Wildfire Loss Snapshot

Counts pulled from CAL FIRE DINS and state guidance

15,183

Structures destroyed in CA wildfires (2020-2024, >50% damage)

Source: CAL FIRE DINS

1,621

Structures destroyed in 2024 (DINS, >50% damage)

Source: CAL FIRE DINS

100 m

DINS inspections include structures within 100 meters of the fire perimeter

Source: CAL FIRE DINS

0-5 ft

Zone 0 boundary in CAL FIRE defensible space guidance

Source: Ready for Wildfire

DINS counts reflect inspected structures within or near fire perimeters and may undercount total losses.

Government & Standards

Authoritative sources for California wildfire regulations

CAL FIRE

Fire Hazard Severity Zone Maps

Look up your property's official fire hazard zone designation

California Legislature

PRC Section 4291

Full text of California's Defensible Space law

Ready for Wildfire

Defensible Space Guide

CAL FIRE's official homeowner guide to creating defensible space

ASTM International

ASTM E84 Fire Test Standard

Official standard for surface burning characteristics testing

CA Building Standards

California WUI Code (Title 24, Part 7)

Ignition-resistant construction standards for wildfire zones. The CWUIC took effect Jan 1, 2026; it absorbed the provisions formerly in CBC Chapter 7A.

FEMA

Disaster Assistance

Federal assistance programs for wildfire victims

CAL FIRE dataset notes SRA FHSZ effective Apr 1, 2024 and LRA recommendations from 2007-2011 (source).

Has San Diego adopted Zone 0?

Where state and local Zone 0 rules stand as of July 2026 — and what still needs confirming with your AHJ.

Yes — the City of San Diego has already adopted Zone 0, ahead of the state. The city's requirement lives in San Diego Municipal Code (SDMC) §512.0604, the San Diego Wildland Urban Interface (SDWUI) Code. It applies to structures in a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone within the City of San Diego and took effect for new structures on February 28, 2026, and applies to existing structures beginning February 28, 2027 (subject to change at the discretion of the Fire Code Official).

The statewide Zone 0 rule is different: the California Board of Forestry released an updated draft on April 17, 2026 (workshop April 23, 2026) and it is still a draft, not final law — the original December 31, 2025 deadline passed without adoption. That draft traces to AB 3074 (2020) and PRC §4291, and its fence and gate language is draft §1298.04(b)(8)–(9).

San Diego's adopted rule includes specific exceptions. Existing vinyl fencing may be allowed within 5 feet if it runs parallel to the wall, sits no less than 4 feet from the structure, is kept clear of debris, and has no vegetation between the fence and the structure. New parallel wood fencing is permitted only if it is Fire Retardant Treated Wood (FRTW), meets the vinyl conditions, and is on the California OSFM Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) Products Handbook and approved for exterior use. Your insurer or the IBHS may not allow vinyl or FRTW within 5 feet even where code does.

Rule Status Key dates
City of San Diego — SDMC §512.0604 (SDWUI Code) Adopted New: Feb 28, 2026 · Existing: Feb 28, 2027
Statewide — Board of Forestry (PRC §4291 / AB 3074) Draft (April 2026) Not yet final; comment period open

Sources: City of San Diego Zone 0 Guidelines for Existing Structures (rev. 4/22/2026); California Board of Forestry Zone 0 draft rule text (April 2026). Confirm current status with your AHJ before final design decisions.

Common Questions

What is defensible space for wildfire protection?

Defensible space is the buffer zone around a structure where vegetation and combustible materials are managed to slow fire spread. Requirements vary by jurisdiction — check your local AHJ for specifics.

What fencing materials should I avoid in wildfire zones?

Wood fencing is combustible and can carry fire from vegetation to structures. Vinyl melts and can produce toxic fumes. Non-combustible options include aluminum, steel, gabion, and CMU block walls.

Where can I check my property fire hazard zone?

Check your local fire hazard severity zone map through CAL FIRE or your city planning department. Requirements vary by specific zone designation and jurisdiction.

Has San Diego adopted Zone 0?

Yes. The City of San Diego adopted Zone 0 through San Diego Municipal Code (SDMC) §512.0604, the San Diego Wildland Urban Interface (SDWUI) Code, effective for new structures on February 28, 2026 and for existing structures beginning February 28, 2027. The statewide Board of Forestry Zone 0 rule remains a draft (April 2026) and is not yet final law. Confirm current requirements with your AHJ.

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